Public Works Management & Policy

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

SAGETRACK

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Sorensen, P. A.
Right arrow Articles by Taylor, B. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?
Public Works Management & Policy, Vol. 11, No. 2, 110-125 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1087724X06294067

Innovations in Road Finance

Examining the Growth in Electronic Tolling

Paul A. Sorensen

The RAND Corporation

Brian D. Taylor

University of California, Los Angeles

This research examines the policy objectives, technical approaches, and political reactions associated with the current upsurge in electronic road pricing (ERP). The authors recently examined more than 90 implemented or proposed ERP projects around the globe, falling into four general categories: (a) facility congestion tolls, (b) cordon congestion tolls, (c) automated weight-distance truck tolls, and (d) distance-based user fees spanning entire road networks. Findings suggest that political and structural liabilities associated with traditional finance mechanisms—most notably motor fuel taxes—have motivated jurisdictions to explore alternatives such as local option sales taxes, public-private partnerships, and ERP. A compelling advantage of ERP is that it provides decision makers with what appears to be an effective tool for combating traffic congestion and automotive emissions. Meanwhile, many of the underlying technologies to support ERP have matured in recent years, enabling the rapid proliferation of experimentation and implementation in this arena.

Key Words: transportation finance • road pricing • congestion tolls • cordon tolls • truck tolls • mileage tax • electronic tolling • intelligent transportation systems

References

  • Balmer, U. (2004). The window of opportunity: How the obstacles to the introduction of the Swiss Heavy Goods Vehicle Fee (HVF) have been overcome. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Bourgart, J. (2003). Interstate 680 and other California projects. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://gulliver.trb.org/conferences/RoadPricing/Program.pdf
  • Brown, J. (2001). Reconsider the gas tax: Paying for what you get. Access, 19, 10-15.
  • Brown, J., Di Francia, M., Hill, M. C., Law, P., Olson, J., Taylor, B. D., et al. (1999). The future of California highway finance: Detailed research findings. Berkeley: University of California, California Policy Research Center.
  • Brownstone, D., Ghosh, A., Golob, T., Kazimi, C., & Van Amelsfort, D. (2003). Drivers’ willingness-to-pay to reduce travel time: Evidence from the San Diego I-15 congestion pricing project. Transportation Research. Part A: Policy And Practice, 37(4), 373-387.[CrossRef]
  • Burris, M., & Swenson, C. (2002, March). Lee County variable pricing—Early findings. Paper presented at the Seventh TRB Conference on the Application of Transportation Planning Methods, Boston.
  • California Department of Transportation. (1997). Transportation financing-Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) measurement and assessment. Sacramento: Author.
  • Chang, M., Kang, K., Oh, Y., & Jung, H. (2002). Evaluations and improvements of the Korean highway electronic toll system. IATSS Research, 26(1), 37-44.
  • Clark, J. (2000). Sky high tolling: Hong Kong’s transport department is assessing which technology to deploy for electronic road pricing. ITS International, 6(1), 29-30.
  • Crawford, D. (2002). Dutch pioneering scheme frozen. ITS International, 8(4), 50-50.
  • Dalbert, T. (2002). Dutch charging back on track? An ambitious charging scheme could be back on the political agenda soon. World Highways/Routes Du Monde, 11(9), 33-34.
  • Dalton, A. (2005). "No" vote brings congestion charge bid to grinding halt. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=203642005
  • Deakin, E., & Harvey, G. (1995). Transportation pricing strategies for California: An assessment of congestion, emissions, energy and equity impacts (Draft final report). Sacramento: California Air Resources Board.
  • DeCorla-Souza, P., & Turnbull, K. (2001, August). FAIR lanes: A new approach to manage congested freeway lanes. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Dallas, TX.
  • Di Carlo, M. (2004). Road charging in Rome. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Dickinson, J. (2004). Congestion charging in Stockholm. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Fabian, L. (2003). Making cars pay: Singapore’s state-of-the-art congestion management. Transportation Planning, 28(1), 1-2, 10-10.
  • Fielding, G. J., & Klein, D. B. (1997). HOT lanes: Introducing congestion pricing one lane at a time. Access, 11, 10-15.
  • Forkenbrock, D., & Kuhl, J. (2002). A new approach to assessing road user charges. Iowa City: University of Iowa, Public Policy Center.
  • Forkenbrock, D. J., & Schweitzer, L. (1997, April). Intelligent transportation systems and highway finance in the 21st century. Paper presented at the Transportation Finance for the 21st Century, TRB Conference Proceedings 15, Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
  • GAO. (2006). Overview of highway trust fund estimates. Retrieved May 30, 2006, from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06572t.pdf
  • Gibbons, E., & O’Mahony, M. (2000). Transport policy prioritisation For Dublin. Transportation, 27(2), 165-178.[CrossRef]
  • Giglio, J. (2005). Mobility: America’s transportation mess and how to fix it. Washington, DC: Hudson Institute.
  • Goldman, T., & Wachs, M. (2003). A quiet revolution in transportation finance: The rise of local option transportation taxes. Transportation Quarterly, 57(1), 19-32.
  • Goodwin, M. (2004). Other urban pricing initiatives in the United Kingdom. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Groat, G. (2004). The belt: A closer look at how I-495 officials sold the HOT land concept. Roads and Bridges, 42(4), 4-4.
  • Hoffman, M., & Turnbull, K. (2001, August). Maryland Department of Transportation value pricing study: Executive summary. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Dallas, TX.
  • Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. (1991). Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and the status quo bias. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 191-206.
  • King, D., Manville, M., & Shoup, D. (2005). Working paper—The Political calculus of congestion pricing. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Koniditsiotis, C. (2003). Intelligent access program (IAP)—Feasibility project. Syndey, Australia: Austroads, Inc.
  • Lecoffre, D. (2003). The road price modulation policy in France. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://gulliver.trb.org/conferences/RoadPricing/Program.pdf
  • Malick, D. (1998, May). CWARUM—Certified wide area road use monitoring. Paper presented at the 25th Anniversary Conference of the Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australia (REAAA), Wellington, New Zealand.
  • McBrayer, D. (1998). Study shows merit of congestion pricing (Jakarta). PB Network, 12(3).
  • McCallum, D., & Parmar, J. (1999). Ontario’s Highway 407: A policy perspective. Public Works Financing, 129, 3-3.
  • Murphy, J. J., & Delucchi, M. A. (1998). Review of the literature on the social cost of motor vehicle use in the United States. Journal of Transportation and Statistics, 1(1), 15-42.
  • Nakamura, K., & Kockelman, K. (2002). Congestion pricing and roadspace rationing: An application to the San Francisco Bay Bridge corridor. Transportation Research. Part A: Policy And Practice, 36(5), 403-417.
  • National Cooperative Highway Research Program. (1994). Alternatives to the motor fuel tax for financing surface transportation improvements (Draft summary report 20-24(07)). Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
  • Nelson, P. (2003). Assessing road user charges using GIS and GPS technologies. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.its.umn.edu/sensor/2003/winter/roadcharges.html
  • Odeck, J., & Brathn, S. (2002). Toll financing in Norway: The success, the failures and perspectives for the future. Transport Policy, 9(3), 253-260.[CrossRef]
  • Pozdena, R. J. (1995). The rubber meets the road: Reforming California’s roadway system. Los Angeles: Reason Foundation.
  • PRoGRESS. (2003). WP3—Final demonstration implementation report (version 1.2). Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.progress-project.org
  • Puget Sound Regional Council. (1997). The effects of the current transportation finance structure (Expert review draft, Paper 2, Series on Transportation Financing). Unpublished manuscript, Seattle, WA.
  • Puget Sound Regional Council. (2002). Transportation pricing demonstration project. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.psrc.org/projects/prcing/demo.pdf
  • Raje, F. (2003). The impact of transport on social exclusion processes with specific emphasis on road user charging. Transport Policy, 10, 321-338.[CrossRef]
  • Regan, E. (2004). Some like it hot. American City and Country, 119(1), 28-32.
  • Rothengatter, W. (2004, October). New developments in the use of advanced technologies to price the movement of goods in Europe. Paper presented at the Symposium on Linking Goods Movement to Economic Prosperity and Environmental Quality, Lake Arrowhead, CA.
  • RPPI. (2004). Out of control: Tolls and technology. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.rppi.org/outofcontrol/archives/000268.html
  • Rufolo, A. M., & Bertini, R. L. (2003). Designing alternatives to state motor fuel taxes. Transportation Quarterly, 57(1), 33-46.
  • Ruidisch, P. (2004). The German truck charge. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Saleh, W. (in press). Road user charging: Theory and practice. Transport Policy.
  • Samuel, P. (2005a). Germany’s toll collect doing 450k tolls/day—22b vehicle-km/yr. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.tollroadsnews.com/cgi-bin/a.cgi/FSCA7PMlEdmcEIJ61nsxIA
  • Samuel, P. (2005b). Minnesota’s I-394 toll lanes have good start—Dynamic pricing working. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.tollroadsnews.com/cgi-bin/a.cgi/f3gZ2PmvEdmcEIJ61nsxIA
  • Samuel, P. (2006). San Francisco to study downtown congestion toll. Retrieved May 31, 2006, from http://www.tollroadsnews.com/cgi-bin/a.cgi/4PW18ognEdmcEIJ61nsxIA
  • Santos, G., & Shaffer, B. (2004). Preliminary results of the London congestion charging scheme. Public Works Management & Policy, 9, 164-181.[Abstract]
  • Satellites will soon take tolls and issue tickets. (2003). RedOrbit Breaking News. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://www.redorbit.com/news/stories/1/2003/09/10/story002.html
  • Schwarz-Herda, F. (2004). Design of the new Austrian heavy vehicle fee. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Shin, S., & Hickman, M. (1999). Effectiveness of the Katy Freeway HOV-lane pricing project: Preliminary assessment. Transportation Research Record, 1659.
  • Shladover, S. (2002). Introducing intelligent transportation systems: Paradigm for 21st century transportation. TR News, 218, 4-9.
  • Small, K. A., Winston, C., & Evans, C. A. (1989). Road work: A new highway pricing and investment policy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Son, B., & Hwang, K. (2002). Four-year-old Namsan Tunnel congestion pricing scheme in Seoul: Success Or failure? IATSS Research, 26(1), 28-36.
  • Sorensen, P., & Taylor, B. (2005). Paying for roads: New technology for an old dilemma. Access, 6, 2-9.
  • Sullivan, E. (2002). State Route 91 value-priced express lanes: Updated observations. Transportation Research Record, 1812, 37-42.
  • Supernak, J., Golob, J., Golob, T., Kaschade, C., Kazimi, C., Schreffler, E., et al. (2002). San Diego’s Interstate 15 congestion pricing project: Attitudinal, behavioral, and institutional issues. Transportation Research Record, 1812, 78-86.
  • Taylor, B. D. (1995). Program performance versus system performance: An explanation for the ineffectiveness of performance-based transit subsidy programs. Transportation Research Record, 1496, 43-51.
  • Thorpe, N., & Hills, P. (2003). Investigating drivers’ responses to road-user charges using global positioning system (GPS) technology. IATSS Research, 27(1), 75-84.
  • Timar, A. (2004). Motorway toll experience in Hungary. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Transport for London. (2003). Congestion charging 6 months on. London: Author.
  • Tyrer, E., & Burton, R. (1998). New technology provides basis for road tolling scheme. London: Sterling.
  • USDOT. (2004). Value pricing pilot program. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/otps/valuepricing.htm
  • Vickrey, W. (1963). Pricing in urban and suburban transport. American Economic Review: Papers and Proceeding, 52, 452-465.
  • Wachs, M. (2003). Commentary a dozen reasons to raise the gas tax. Public Works Management & Policy, 7, 235-242.[Abstract]
  • Werder, H. (2004). Impact of the heavy vehicle fee: Central pillar of the Swiss transport policy. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • Whitty, J. (2003). Road user fee task force: Report to the 72nd Oregon Legislative Assembly on the possible alternatives to the current system of taxing highway use through motor vehicle fuel taxes. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.odot.state.or.us/ruftf/
  • Worsley, T. (2004). Preparation for a distance charge in the United Kingdom. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www1.oecd.org/cem/topics/env/London04.htm
  • WSDOT. (2005). SR 167 HOV to HOT lanes pilot project. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/HOV/sr167hotlanes/default.htm

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Public Works Management PolicyHome page
M. A. Pagano and D. Perry
Financing Infrastructure in the 21st Century City
Public Works Management Policy, July 1, 2008; 13(1): 22 - 38.
[Abstract] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Sorensen, P. A.
Right arrow Articles by Taylor, B. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?