|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Survey and Assessment of Planning for Operational Continuity in Public Works
Scott Somers
Arizona State University — Polytechnic Campus, scott.somers{at}asu.edu
The public works department provides an array of essential services to the community that business and citizens rely on. Preparation for service provision during and after a crisis is called continuity of operations planning (COOP). Historically, the federal government has conducted such planning, and private businesses have embraced business continuity planning. Local governments have more recently begun to adopt such "good business practices." This article provides a background on government COOP planning, describes the important elements of a continuity plan as described in federal documents and standards, and reports on a survey of public works departments. The results of the survey indicate that although some planning efforts have been undertaken, a majority of public works agencies in this sample are at risk for breakdowns in the provision of essential service in crisis situations. Public works agencies need to intensify planning efforts to ensure operational continuity.
Key Words: continuity planning homeland security disaster preparedness crisis management
References
- Alper, A., & Kupferman, S. (2003). Enhancing New York City's emergency preparedness. New York: New York City Emergency Response Task Force.
- Babbie, E. (2005). The basics of social research (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadsworth.
- Bolin, R. (1990). The Loma Prieta earthquake: Studies of short-term impacts (Vol. 50). Boulder, CO: University of Colorado.
- Brouillette, J. (1970). The department of public works: Adaption to disaster demands. American Behavioral Scientist, 13(3), 369-379.[CrossRef]
- Bush, George W. (2007). National Security Presidential Directive 51, Homeland Security Presidential Directive 20 Washington, DC: White House.
- Cerullo, V., & Cerullo, M. (2004). Business continuity planning: A comprehensive approach. Information Systems Management, Summer, 2004(2), 70-78.
- Department of Homeland Security. (2006). Transportation security administration continuity of operations program. Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General.
- Drabek, T., & Hoetmer, G. (1991). Emergency management: Principles and practice for local government. Washington, DC: International City Management Association.
- Emergency Management Australia. (1997). Non-stop service: Continuity management guidelines for public sector agencies. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth Information Services, Government Publishing Service.
- Farazmand, A. (2001). Handbook of crisis and emergency management New York: Marcel Dekker.
- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). ( 2004a). Federal preparedness circular 65. Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security.
- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). ( 2004b). Interim guidance on continuity of operations planning for state and local governments. Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security.
- Florida Division of Emergency Management. ( 2005). Continuity of operations: Elements of viability. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Division of Emergency Management.
- Government Accountability Office. (2004). Improved planning needed to ensure delivery of essential government services (No. GAO-04-160). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
- Government Accountability Office. (2005). Agency plans have improved, but better oversight could assist agencies in preparing for emergencies (No. GAO-05-577). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
- Hoene, C., Baldassare, M., & Brennan, C. (2002). Homeland security and America's cities. Washington, DC: National League of Cities.
- Institute for Business and Home Safety. (2007 ). Small Business Protection. Retrieved July 3, 2007, from http://www.ibhs.org/business_protection
- Kartez, J., & Lindell, M. (1987). Planning for uncertainty: The case of local disaster planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(3), 487-498.
- Kendra, J., & Wachtendorf, T. (2001). Elements of community resilience in the World Trade Center attack. Newark, DE: University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center.
- Kim, P.S., & Lee, J.E. (2001). Emergency management in Korea: mourning over tragic deaths. In A. Farazmand (Ed.), Handbook of crisis and emergency management (pp. 501-519). New York: Marcel Dekker.
- Maryland Emergency Management Agency. (2004 ). Preparing for an emergency: Continuity of operations planning for state agencies. Baltimore: Maryland Emergency Management Agency.
- McKinsey & Company. (2002). Increasing FDNY's preparedness. Retrieved July 17, 2005, from http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/mck_report/toc.html
- McLoughlin, D. (1985). A framework for integrated emergency management. Public Administration Review, 45(Special Issue), 165-172.[CrossRef]
- Mileti, D., Drabek, T., & Haas, J.E. (1975). Human systems in extreme environments. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Program on Environment and Behavior.
- National Commission on Terrorist Attacks. ( 2004). The 9/11 Commission report: Final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
- National Fire Protection Association. (1991 ). The Loma Prieta earthquake. Qunicy, MA: Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration.
- New York City Emergency Response Taskforce. ( 2003). Enhancing New York City's emergency preparedness. New York: Office of the Mayor.
- North Dakota Office of Management and Budget, Risk Management Division. (n.d.). North Dakota continuum of government. Retrieved March 20, 2007, from http://www.nd.com/cog.
- Perry, R. (2004). Disaster exercise outcomes for professional emergency personnel and citizen volunteers. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 12(2), 64-75.[CrossRef]
- Perry, R., & Lindell, M. (1997). Earthquake planning for government continuity. Environmental Management, 21(1), 89-96.
- Perry, R., & Lindell, M. (2006). Emergency planning. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- Pessemier, W. (2006). A fire service guide to interoperable communications. Fairfax, VA: The International Association of Fire Chiefs.
- Petak, W. (1985). Emergency management: A challenge for public administration. Public Administration Review, 45(Special Issue), 3-7.[CrossRef]
- Petersen, R.E. (2003). Continuity of operations (COOP) in the executive branch: Background and issues for Congress (No. RL31857). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
- Petersen, R.E. (2005). Continuity of operations (COOP) in the executive branch: Issues in the 109th Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
- Schneider, S. (1995). Flirting with disaster: Public management in crisis situations. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
- Tierney, K. (1995). Impacts of recent U.S. disasters on businesses: The 1993 Midwest floods and the 1994 Northridge earthquake (Preliminary Paper No. 230). Newark, DE: University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center.
- Tierney, K. (1997). Business impacts of the Northridge earthquake. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 5(2), 87-97.[CrossRef]
- Tierney, K., Lindell, M., & Perry, R. (2001). Facing the unexpected. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
- U.S. Conference of Mayors. (2004). Interoperability survey: A 192 city study. Washington, DC: United States Conference of Mayors.
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2004 ). National response plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
- Virginia Department of Emergency Management. ( 2006). Continuity of operations planning manual. Richmond, VA: Virginia Department of Emergency Management.
- Wachtendorf, T. (2004). Improvising 9/11: Organizational improvisation following the World Trade Center disasters. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware, Newark.
- Ward, J., Morris, J., & Carlile, J. (1989). On top of the epicenter. American City & County, 104(12), 34-36.
Public Works Management & Policy, Vol. 12, No. 2,
451-465 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1087724X07308772

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
|
|